Hemp - The Truth About The Earths Greatest Plant

Hemp - The Truth About The Earths Greatest Plant Convincing Essay on the benifits of hemp Exclellent - An ideally there would be an item that could fill in as a fuel source, a food source, a paper source, a material source, and this item would be anything but difficult to create in any of its structures. In all honesty such an item exists; it is the plant known as hemp. No tree or plant species on earth has the business, monetary, and ecological capability of hemp. More than 30,000 realized items can be produced from hemp.Hemp was a typical harvest developed in the U.S. until 1937 when it was unreasonably restricted. A typical misinterpretation about hemp is that it was restricted in light of the fact that it was a broadly manhandled, unsafe medication. Hemp was restricted in light of the fact that it was a serious danger to the wood business. Enterprises that benefitted from the death of hemp spread bits of gossip that pot was a significant medication issue, which it was not at the time.English: Cultivation of mechanical hemp for fiber ...They additionally proliferated a battle that it was a medication that prompted wild brutality, another total falsehood.Hemp is the plant logically known as cannabis sativa. It is alluded to as hemp when it is developed for its strands, stem, and seeds. Its leaves and blossoms produce the medications cannabis and hashish. In any case, sterile types of the plant are as yet unlawful to develop in the U.S. Truly a huge number of wild hemp plants develop all through the whole Midwest today. Wild hemp, similar to hemp utilized for industry objects, is futile as an intoxicant. However U.S. medicate law expresses that one section of land of this can bring about the proprietor being condemned to death. Capital punishment exists for growing one section of land of entirely innocuous, non-inebriating weeds!Hemp can create any item that paper can deliver. The thing that matters is that one section of land of hemp...

Marketing strategy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Showcasing procedure - Assignment Example It is foreseen that new courses will be included once the underlying set up has been finished and has slept with in, permitting development of the university’s courses to a worldwide commercial center through another organization set up explicitly for the reason. The endeavor should restitution the underlying capital speculation inside a time of three years, giving a moderately brief time of hazard undoubtedly. The promoting system centers around specialty showcasing and will focus on the individuals who may be keen on firing up their own business. With the potential for mass redundancies in both the general population and private segments throughout the following barely any years, there is an enormous chance to enable numerous individuals to set up their own business and make the opportunity and progress that such an endeavor brings. This report sets out the examination and promoting procedure supporting the presentation of a scope of new e-learning courses for worldwide utilization. A key investigation is given, which considers the outer condition inside which the college works, along with an examination of genuine and potential wellsprings of rivalry. The qualities and shortcomings of the college will be joined with the chances and dangers present in the present atmosphere, to give a strong establishment to an engaged promoting technique that examinations the proposition utilizing the all-inclusive administrations advertising blend, division and focusing on procedures and the profile of the â€Å"typical† client. The report finishes up with a rundown of the advertising methodology and why it will be fruitful for the college as a medium-to-long haul venture. Following the ongoing choice by the legislature to cut the showing spending plans for colleges, it has gotten fundamental for the college to concentrate on more salary producing exercises to empower kept subsidizing of essential exercises. After much conversation, it has been concluded that the college needs to

Sample TOEFL Paired Choice Essay Spending Money

Sample TOEFL Paired Choice Essay Spending Money Sample TOEFL Multiple Choice EssayThe QuestionSome people like to spend their money as soon as they earn it, while others think it is better to save their money for some time in the future. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. Do not use memorized examples.Special Offer: TOEFL Essay Evaluation and ScoringYou can now sign up to have your practice essays evaluated and scored by the author of this page. This service is a great way to learn how you will do before test day and how you can best prepare for the big day. Sign up today.The Sample Essay Money concerns are a major cause of stress and anxiety in the modern world. In my opinion, it is a really wise idea to save money for the future. I feel this way for two main reasons, which I will explore in the following essay. To begin with, older people are able to make better financial decisions than youngsters due to their experience and maturity. Young people, who have very little worldliness, ar e prone to spending their money on products that are mostly useless and which they quickly tire of. Older people, on the other hand, know which purchases will result in long-term happiness and satisfaction. My own experience is a compelling example of this. When I was young, I spent a tremendous amount of money on video games and comic books which I enjoyed only for a short time. Later, when I enrolled in university, I did not have enough savings to pay for my tuition, and was forced to take out a significant number of student loans. Even today, several years after graduation, I regret not saving much money as a teenager. These days I am a lot more conservative when it comes to spending, and carefully consider all of my future expenses. Secondly, life is full of unexpected emergencies which can cause a lot of anxiety if we do not have a lot of money saved up. According to reports in the media, more than seventy-five percent of all bankruptcies in my country are the result of medical bills. I am totally aware that it is humiliating to lose our financial independence in this way. For example, last year my uncle suffered a major heart attack which required him to undergo very expensive cardiac surgery. He did not have enough money to pay for this procedure, so he had to ask his elderly parents for a loan. They were able to help him because they had resisted the urge to spend and saved money through their entire lives. He felt extremely embarrassed about begging his parents for assistance, especially as he could have avoided the situation by emulating their frugal behavior. In conclusion, I believe that it is better to save money for the future rather than spend it right away. I feel this way because we gain the ability to make better financial decisions as we mature, and because saving money helps us avoid the humiliating effects of unexpected financial emergencies. (405 words)NoteThis is a sample TOEFL paired choice essay written by a native speaker. It follows our TOEFL writing templates for independent essays. If you find it useful, please remember that we have many more sample essaysfor you to read!

An Era Understood Through Fitzgerald’s Characters Essay

â€Å"Gatsby believed in the green light, the orgastic future that year by year recedes before us.†¦ Tomorrow we will run faster, stretch out our arms farther.†¦ And one fine morning—† (Fitzgerald 180). In this quote from The Great Gatsby, Nick attempts to describe the nature of Gatsby’s hope and draws the parallel to all of our hopes and dreams that we have as Americans. F. Scott Fitzgerald, an American novelist and short-story writer, was an amazing author who used his work, just like in the quote above, to write about the Roaring Twenties and the hopes of Americans during that time. His earlier works show an idealistic feeling for the potentials of life at college and in â€Å"The East,† he attained the sobriquet of â€Å"the spokesman of the Jazz Age.†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦Zelda served a vital role in the writers life, both in an uncontrolled way and a motivating one. For the most part, she shared his excessive existence and i nventive interests (Prigozy 1). For an extended time, Fitzgerald resided with his wife in Long Island and while they were there, the setting for The Great Gatsby was influenced. Exactly like in his novel, he entertained in a fashion comparable to his characters, serving the best and most expensive liquors and including wonderful entertainment for his guests. He validated the antics of the foolish, careless rich, and carried this approach with him wherever he went. Egocentric, drunk, and unconventional, Fitzgerald and his wife pursued and received attention of all kinds. The big party finally came to an abrupt end with the hospitalization of Zelda for schizophrenia and, unpredictably, with the Great Depression of 1929, which triggered Fitzgeralds personal depression (Tompkins). Both The Great Gatsby and â€Å"Winter Dreams† reveal the age in which Fitzgerald lived through his characters. So much so, that he is regarded as a historian in the era. After World War I, American society went through a period of intense change. Traditional principles in God, country, and civilization were traumatized as Americans confronted the anguish of a war of that degree. During the 1920s, many Americans acknowledged that an old order had been substituted by a new, open society, oneShow MoreRelatedF. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby Essay1490 Words   |  6 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald’s ‘The Great Gatsby’ seems to suggest that Gatsby s rags-to-riches success story makes him an embodiment of the American Dream. However, upon deeper of his character has yielded that there are aspects of Jay Gatsby that call into question his so called success. As a result, I have concluded that F.Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, although still displays the overarchi ng theme that is the American Dream it, in fact, portrays ‘The disintegration of the American dream’ through the characterRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1229 Words   |  5 Pagesroaring twenties was the period known for its exuberant, overwhelming and free pop culture of all time. F. Scott Fitzgerald’s, The Great Gatsby, represent the past historical modernization of a male subjugated social system. The Great Gatsby is a mysterious love tale, and a social interpretation towards the American Life. This story explores the journey for happiness and wealth through the American Dream, and shows how perfectionism, deteriorated relationships, and deceitfulness occur during theRead MoreCorruption In The Great Gatsby Analysis1160 Words   |  5 Pagescausing them to ignore the casualties they incite in the journey.This corruption courses throughout Fitzgeralds ‘The Great Gatsby’, while centering itself on a young man madly in love with a young woman, and the great ordeals he pursues her love.As simple as the plot is presented, the underlying theme of the novel centers on the wildness of the American dream while paralleling on the destruction each character gets in the end.It lends you glimpses into the lives of the rich and shows you their desperationRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald848 Words   |  4 PagesThe Victorian Era of England, and the Modern Era of the United States had vast differences. 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Secondary School And Gender Differences Regarding Self...

In this chapter the main findings of the study are discussed in the light of the current literature in the field of self-esteem and coping research. Recommendations for future research are presented in the view of strengths and limitations of this study. Initially, this study aimed to explore the levels of self-esteem of early adolescents at the end of primary school and gender differences regarding self-esteem. Secondly, it attempted to examine the type of coping strategies that early adolescents employ and gender differences regarding the different coping strategies. The first main finding of this research indicated that the levels of self-esteem of the early adolescents were low, with the female adolescents scoring low on all scales. In addition, both male and female early adolescents had low levels of self-perception regarding scholastic competence, physical appearance, athletic and job competence, romantic appeal and behavioural conduct. 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Overpopulation of Animals Free Essays

string(24) " them a verbal warning\." Millions of companion animals are being euthanized by animal shelters each year nationwide. One might ask why this is. Is there any one person or persons that is responsible for the over population of animals going to our local shelters? These are all questions that need to be answered. We will write a custom essay sample on Overpopulation of Animals or any similar topic only for you Order Now If we as the general public want to start tackling these problems, we need to gain further understanding of how and why these problems are created in the first place. As with every topic there are always two sides to every story. This topic is no different. The different voices and opinions vary as much as the different types of breeds of animals. First you have the authority group, like that of your local animal shelters and humane societies. These groups agree primarily on the idea that yes, animal over population is a huge problem, and that spaying and neutering is the number one way to stop domesticated animals from creating more and more offspring. The second solution that many of the authority groups share is the fact that pet owners are not always as informed as they should be about the amount of time, attention, and money it actually takes to properly care for an animal. While speaking with Dr. Joseph Hoelzle, a local veterinarian of 32 years in Cave Junction, OR, he definitely agrees that animal over population is a HUGE problem. He is presented daily with animals that have been lost or abandoned. Dr. Joe and his staff only have a small facility, so when they do receive dogs and cats at their door step, they are very limited in the options they have. If an animal is very sick or injured they have the legal right to euthanize. Otherwise if the animal in question is a dog they have to call the local animal shelter, as they do not have the facilities to facilitate dogs. Cats on the other hand, they can do more with. Dr. Joe and his staff can house them longer and try and find homes for them. When asked his opinion on whether or not he thought the public is lacking in education on the actual amount of responsibility it takes to take care of animals, his response was yes, definitely. Take horses for example, people see horses and how pretty they are and decided to bring one home. If you have never owned a horse before, or have never even been exposed to horses and how to take care of them, then you have no clue how much work it actually takes to maintain one. † Dr. Joe went on to say that the average size dog that is in good health takes approximately $10,000 a year to properly care for them. The first step when making any decis ions on obtaining an animal, no matter what type or breed, is always research. Research how big they will be, what types of health problems are prone to those specific animals, do they require a lot of maintenance, are they high in energy, and so forth. Another interview that was conducted was with Marci, from the Josephine County Animal Shelter in Grants Pass, OR. Not knowing how far out the animal shelter was from my location, I made sure to leave with plenty of time to find the shelter as well as be early for the actual interview its self. As I was sitting out front of the animal shelter waiting for my interview to be had, I can hear all the barking and howling of all the dogs. Through their sad cries you can hear the yearning in their voices to just be loved. This is just one of the many reasons I absolutely love dogs. Although they are locked in â€Å"jail† not know what their final destination might be, they still greet everyone with a smile, and a wagging tail, faithful to the end. The first question to break the ice that I asked Marci was, do you like your job. Marci says she absolutely loves her job and would not change anything she does daily that she is somewhat of an adrenalin junkie. This job is a very rewarding job, frustrating at times but very rewarding. You get the chance to make a difference, a difference with not only the animals that you receive or rescue, but also with the community. † Life as an officer of the animal shelter can be very challenging at times. Some of the challenges they face on a regular basis is a lack of support, a huge lack in funding, lack of man power, and a lack of the proper equipment. They do not have all the fancy equipment that is seen in magazines, or on the popular TV. show on Animal Planet, Animal Police. Marci goes on to state, â€Å"We do not even have the proper funding right now to obtain something as simple as ramps for our trucks. † According to Brad Tally, the animal control supervisor for the Josephine County Animal Shelter, there Annual budget is $400,000. The shelter only receives a total of $75,000 from general funding. The shelter themselves are responsible for raising the remaining balance of $325,000 themselves. They do this through fundraising, donations and the funds they receive from pet owners licensing their pets. Marci explains that it is an Oregon state law that a dog is licensed. Oregon does not recognize cats. If an animal control officer is called out to a residence for something like a disturbance call, and they realize that the dog is not licensed, the owner can be fined for the cost of the original license plus an added thirty dollar penalty fee. If the owner is still not compliant within 30 days of the citation, they can be fined again with a $360 dollar citation. â€Å"We would rather not issue citations; we would rather try and cut the owners a break by giving them a verbal warning. You read "Overpopulation of Animals" in category "Papers" Marci’s thoughts on animal overpopulation and a productive method of reducing the number of animals producing offspring’s that potentially have no homes to go to, are similar to those of Dr. Joe. She says that the overpopulation of domesticated animals can be stopped by spaying and neutering. That there are a lot of programs out the re that can and will help with the cost of the procedures. â€Å"If every pet owner decided to get their animals spayed or neutered, the number of animals being picked up and dropped off would decrease significantly. One incentive that is already in place statewide is that, if a pet owner does get there dogs fixed the cost of the licensing is also reduced. The cost goes from thirty five dollars down to eighteen dollars. Another issue Marci raised that contributes to the overpopulation problem was the fact that there are â€Å"back yard† breeders that breed dogs for money. â€Å"They are not breeding their pure bred with another type of pure bred to better the breed; they are breeding these dogs just to gain money. They have no actual intention on ever doing anything with these dogs; they merely do this out of pure greed. An opposing view point to this statement taken from CQ Researcher: America’s Pampered Pets, By Mary H. Cooper Volume 6, issue 48, Para. 29 states that: AKC breeders argue that because their dogs are healthy a nd properly groomed, their rights to bred animals should not be taken away. When Marci was asked about the disturbing fact that millions of animals are being euthanized each year in American shelters and whether or not this was true, her response was actually rather positive. She was able to leave a since of hope, in my now saddened realities. Marci stated that their rates of euthanasia have dropped considerably. That the shelter has started looking for other means of dealing with their animals other than turning directly to euthanizing. Each year animal shelters nationwide receive what is known as â€Å"throw away pets†. What exactly are throw away pets? Picture this; you’re out one day driving around with the family, and all of a sudden you see one of those handmade signs that read â€Å"Free Puppies†. So you decided to pull over†¦ you walk up to see all the adorable puppies, wagging their tails and looking at you with those big innocent eyes. You and the family take one home, not really knowing much about the puppy, let alone its breed. And before you know it, this cute little adorable puppy has turned out to be way more work than you or your family had initially anticipated. So with not wanting to continue to keep up with the daily responsibilities of owning the dog, you decided to take it to the local animal shelter in hopes that it will find a â€Å"better home†. This is where the term â€Å"throw away† dogs comes from. Sadly enough, this is what Marci and the others at the Animal shelter see on a daily basis. The general procedure that is followed when a new animal is received differs from cats to dogs. The first step is the initial paperwork that is involved, getting them â€Å"logged into jail†. After they have done the paper work one of the first things they do is scan the animal in hopes to find a microchip. (Microchips are tiny chips surgically implanted into a dog or cats skin that contains all of the owners contact information. ) If there is not a microchip present and the dog does not have any type of licensing information on them, then the dog is held for seventy two hours. During the holding period the dog is kept in the back kennels away from potential adoptees. A lost and found book is gone through to make sure that the dog in question has not already been called in as lost. If in the seventy two hour period the dog is still not claimed, they perform a temperament test. If the dog passes the temperament test, then they are eligible for adoption. The other means of handling stray dogs other than euthanasia, mentioned earlier in the paper, that the shelter turns to are working with other programs as well as other counties. Some of the programs they work with are PAWS and Dogs for the Deaf. The other county they work with to place dogs into forever homes is Jackson County. PAWS is a non-profit animal shelter located in West Linn, Oregon. According to their website located at www. pawsanimalshelter. org, Since we opened our doors on June 6, 1999, we have found homes for over 1,000 cats, 45 dogs, 1 rabbit, 2 turtles, 1 pigeon, and a miniature horse. According to the website www. dogsforthedeaf. org, Dogs for the Deaf rescue dogs from animal shelters throughout Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and California. We choose dogs that are people friendly, confident, and motivated by toys, treats, and affection. We rescue, train, and place 30-40 dogs annually. The dogs are trained with positive reinforcement and lots of love. When asked Marci’s opinion on the lack of public information, and whether or not this could be one of the factors that is contributing to the overpopulation of animals in animal shelters, her response was, â€Å"As far as public information, that is something we do, but with the lack of man power and time we have, this is something that we cannot do enough of. There are only two actual officers working out of the Josephine County Animal Shelter, Marci and her partner Bill. Between the two of them they are expected to answer to every single call placed out of Josephine County. This area is roughly from the California border, to the Glendale off ramp, out to the Applegate area. This is where the lack of man power comes into play. An article in the Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, (Beyond Overpopulation: A comment on Zawistowski et al. and Salman et al. By: Fehell, Lee Anne, 1999 Vol. , Issue 3. Para. 24) Brings up yet another reason as to why animals start to stack up in animal shelters. â€Å"The general public more times than not are detoured away from their local animal shelters due to the common knowledge that pets is killed at the site. They do not want to be made feel guilty or responsible for that animal’s life if they do not pick that certain one to bring home. † Getting a new animal is and welcoming that animal into your home is supposed to be an exciting joyous event, not something that is associated with death or defeat. Although there is a majority of people who would rather obtain a dog or cat from someone they know rather than going to a shelter and possibly taking home an animal that they were not a hundred percent set on, there is also a large majority of people who feel the complete opposite. They would rather go to the local animal shelter and possibly save that cat or dogs life. This in my opinion gives these individuals a sense of accomplishment. Here is a poem about just that. How to cite Overpopulation of Animals, Papers

Auto Producers In US Essay Example For Students

Auto Producers In US Essay The author intends to distinguish sharp differences in national origin ofproduction and distribution of motor vehicles. American Big Three producers (Chrysler, Ford and GM) and Japanese-ownedmanufacturers (Honda, Nissan, Mazda, Mitsubishi, Subaru, Suzuki, Daihatsu andIsuzu). By distinguishing b/w these differences, a vehicle may be classified asdomestic or foreign made. It provides a locational framework for understandingwhat an American automobile is. Although few are 100% domestic or foreign, thepercentage of national origin of any vehicle sold in the U.S. can be determined. Difference b/w domestic and foreign made Sorting domestic from foreign cars is ageographical study because the distinction comes from where the carmakers carryout different stages of production. The distinction was clear until the 1980s,before this time American cars were built in the U.S. by American companies,labor and parts. Foreign cars were built in foreign countries by foreigncompanies, labor and parts. The appearance was also different. American carsexceeded 5 meters in length and had engines w/ displacements of 4 liters and 6or 8 cylinders. Foreign automobiles were over a meter shorter than Americanmodels and contained 4 cylinder engines w/ only 2 liter displacements. In 1955,foreign vehicle manufacturers only held 1% of the American car market- Europeansaccounting for most foreign sales. During 1970s, Japanese-owned companiesovertook the Europeans as leading exporters of cars to the U.S., but distinctionb/w foreign and American cars remained well defined. However, the appear ances ofboth foreign and domestic vehicles changed as American manufacturers respondedto demands for more fuel efficiency by shortening and decreasing the sizesimilar to their Japanese competitors. At the same time, Japanese companiesbegan to build larger, more luxurious cars to meet the demands of customers whowished to trade in the original smaller models. Other changes that reduced thedifference b/w foreign and American cars included the interest that Americanfirms took in importing Asian produced models to the U.S. Also, Japanese firmsbegan opening production facilities in North America, predominantly in the U.S.,in fear of having their American sales resticted by import Quotas. as domesticor foreign, but so do the components that are used to build them. Components canrange from nuts and bolts to engines and transmissions. American and foreigncompanies manufacture their own parts and also purchase them from outsidesuppliers. Identifying national origin The easiest and most widel y usedindicator of domestic or foreign production is calculated by the EPA under theCorporate Average Fuel Economy regulations. According to these regulations, inorder for a vehicle to be domestic, it must have the combined fuel economy inmiles/gallon must exceed a specified average of 27.5 miles/gallon (1993). Thecombined fuel economy of foreign vehicles must also exceed a specified average(which was not given but is lower than that of domesic). The EPA also considersa vehicle domestic if at least 75% of its parts come from the U.S. or Canada. The EPA also considers Mexican content as domestic under 1993 NAFTA. Overall,government efforts to classify all vehicles into 2 groups have failed because novehicle is entirely domestic or foreign made. Therefore, car companies andmodels are placed on a continuum from relatively low to high percentages ofdomestic content. Selling price All new automobiles sold in the U.S. have windowstickers showing the suggested retail price. The country where each model ismanufactured is required to be identified to inform the consumer. The retailprice of a motor vehicle includes direct and indirect costs. Direct costs thatare factored into the selling price are costs of production- res. and dev.,purchase or production of components, the assembly of the components into thefinished vehicle, and transport costs from the assembly plant to the dealer. .ub112470826f7744762310cfa1411ab3f , .ub112470826f7744762310cfa1411ab3f .postImageUrl , .ub112470826f7744762310cfa1411ab3f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub112470826f7744762310cfa1411ab3f , .ub112470826f7744762310cfa1411ab3f:hover , .ub112470826f7744762310cfa1411ab3f:visited , .ub112470826f7744762310cfa1411ab3f:active { border:0!important; } .ub112470826f7744762310cfa1411ab3f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub112470826f7744762310cfa1411ab3f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub112470826f7744762310cfa1411ab3f:active , .ub112470826f7744762310cfa1411ab3f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub112470826f7744762310cfa1411ab3f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub112470826f7744762310cfa1411ab3f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub112470826f7744762310cfa1411ab3f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub112470826f7744762310cfa1411ab3f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub112470826f7744762310cfa1411ab3f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub112470826f7744762310cfa1411ab3f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub112470826f7744762310cfa1411ab3f .ub112470826f7744762310cfa1411ab3f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub112470826f7744762310cfa1411ab3f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Confucianism, Daoism & Legalism EssayThese costs account for two-thirds of the sticker price, one half of this pricegoes to buying parts for assembly. The cost of developing a new model ismeasured in billions of dollars. Chrysler spent 1 billion dollars to developlarge models such as Dodge Intrepid, Eagle Vision, the New Yorker and a halfbillion on the Neon. Ford spent 6 billion on developing the Contour and theMystique. GM spent 4 and a half on the Saturn. Before building a new model, acompany first conducts research to identify potential buyer groups and demands. Next, individual parts must be designed and machines be built to make parts andassemble vehicles. Ofcourse, experiments are run on the finished prototype totest road use. Honda, Toyota and Nissan have design studios in southern Cal. andAnn Harbor, Mich. The purpose of these studios is to modify Japanese-engineeredmodels to preferences and driving conditions of N. America. Indirect costsaccount for another one-third of the sticker price and include- centraladministration, corpoprate profit, marketing, and dealer expenses. They aredivided b/w the country where the manufacturers headquarters are located andthe country where the vehicle is sold. Executives and shareholders reside in thecountry where company originated, even if production facilities are not. Chrysler, Ford and GM are considered American companies because their corporateheadquarters are in Detroit. Toyota and other Japanese companies sell in U.S. but have headquarters in Japan. Marketing and advertising costs may account foras much as 5% of the total sticker price. The advertising budget averaged$875/vehicle in 1993. Regardless of where vehicles are manufactured, companiesselling in the U.S. hire American advertising agencies and place ads on AmericanTV and newspapers. Final Assembly The changing distribution of final assemblyplants began in the 1960s with the constant growth of new models ofautomobiles. Companies closed their coastal assembly plants and convertedinterior ones to produce 1 or 2 specialized products to distribute throughout N. America. Due to their fragility, finished vehicles are exppensive to transport. Consequently, assembly plants are located near customers and dealers. Demand forfor the is essential to this strategy or it wouldnot make sense to spend 1billion dollars on a final-assembly plant. Since the annual capacity of atypical plant is 200,000 vehicles, a manufacturer will dedicate a plant to onespecific product. Two-thirds of vehicles sold in U.S. in 1992 were produced atAmerican assembly plants, rest were made in other countries. The Big 3 assembledin the U.S. 80% of vehicles they sold there and one-third of vehicles sold inU.S. by foreign-owned manufacturers were assembled there also. Nine-tenths ofthe value of vehicles sold in the U.S. by the Big 3 had domesic content. Vehicles sold in the U.S. but assembled elsewhere came from 3 areas- Canada,Mexico and eastern hemisphere countries. In 1992, 13% of all cars and truckssold in U.S. were assembled in Canada, 2% in Mexico and 17% in easternhemisphere countries (Japan, Germany and South Korea). Honda is the first Asiancarmaker to build an assembly plant in N. America and operates 2 plants a shortdistance apart- Maryville and East Liberty Ohio and another in Alliston,Ontario. The reason for Hondas aggression to establish assembly plants overseasis because there is little chance for increasing sales in Japan. Honda soldtwice as many cars in N. America than in Japan in 1992 and has become theleading exporter of cars in N. America. Two other large sellers are Toyota andNissan. Toyota has a final-assembly plant in Georgetown Ky., and Nissan has onein Smyrna, Tenn. where trucks are a large portion of the output. Components Notonly do the final prototypes of cars have to be classified.